Thursday, February 14, 2019

Genome structure of malaria parasites linked to virulence

An international research has found that malaria parasite genomes are shaped by parasite-specific gene families, and that this genome organization strongly correlates with the parasite's virulence. The findings highlight the importance of spatial genome organization in gene regulation and the control of virulence in malaria parasites.
The findings highlight the importance of spatial genome organization in gene regulation and the control of virulence in malaria parasites.
 "Novel intervention strategies targeting the genome structure could thus mark a breakthrough for both vaccine and drug development against malaria."Study results appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Institute Leadership assistant professor of computational biology at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and an assistant adjunct professor at the UC San Diego School of Medicine, and colleagues investigated the 3-D genome organization in five malaria parasites and two related parasites to identify possible connections between genome architecture and pathogenicity. They found that in all five malaria parasites
The most virulent species of malaria parasites use an "antigenic variation" mechanism to alter their surface proteins and avoid the host immune response. The ability of the parasite to switch its antigenic profile correlates with the parasite's high virulence. 

The researchers found that the two most pathogenic human malaria parasites -- Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi -- share unique features in the organization of gene families involved in antigenic variation. P. falciparum and P. knowlesi, they report, have evolved unique gene families -- var and SICvar, respectively -- that enable these parasites to undergo antigenic variation.
"The organization of other Plasmodium genomes is also driven by their virulence genes -- but it is not as strongly seen in them as we see in P. falciparum and P. knowlesi," 
Le Roch was supported in the research by grants from the National Institutes of Health and UC Riverside.

Source: University of California

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